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Throwing exceptions
To throw an exception, you simply use the throw keyword with an object reference, as in:

throw new TooColdException();

The type of the reference must be Throwable or one of its subclasses.

The following code shows how a class that represents the customer, class VirtualPerson, might throw exceptions if the coffee didn't meet the customer's temperature preferences. Note that Java also has a throws keyword in addition to the throw keyword. Only throw can be used to throw an exception. The meaning of throws will be explained later in this article.

// In Source Packet in file except/ex1/VirtualPerson.java
class VirtualPerson {

    private static final int tooCold = 65;
    private static final int tooHot = 85;

    public void drinkCoffee(CoffeeCup cup) throws
        TooColdException, TooHotException {

        int temperature = cup.getTemperature();
        if (temperature <= tooCold) {
            throw new TooColdException();
        }
        else if (temperature >= tooHot) {
            throw new TooHotException();
        }
        //...
    }
    //...
}

// In Source Packet in file except/ex1/CoffeeCup.java
class CoffeeCup {
    // 75 degrees Celsius: the best temperature for coffee
    private int temperature = 75;
    public void setTemperature(int val) {
        temperature = val;
    }
    public int getTemperature() {
        return temperature;
    }
    //...
}